SnapShot: Medulloblastoma

Childhood medulloblastoma.

Among all the childhood central nervous system tumours, medulloblastoma and other neuroectodermal tumours account for 16-25% of cases. The causative factors of medulloblastoma/PNET have not been well established. It is more frequent in boys than in girl and in children than in adults. There was a significant improvement of survival for children diagnosed in 2000-2002 compared to those diagnosed...

Congenital medulloblastoma.

SYNOPSIS Congenital medulloblastomas are very rare tumours and only 14 cases have been reported in the literature. A case report is presented on another case where hydrocephalus was present at the time of delivery resulting in dystocia. In a review of the literature, it is found that progressive head enlargement and hydrocephalus were the commonest modes of presentation. There is a high female ...

Metastatic medulloblastoma.

The incidence of metastatic medulloblastoma is probably greater than the thirteen documented patients. Case reports of metastatic medulloblastoma must be carefully analysed. We have added two cases which conform to Weiss' criteria for metastatic disease. The direction and factors influencing spread have been discussed.

SnapShot: melanoma.

SnapShot: Macroautophagy

(Middle) Cellular Events in Macroautophagy Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is a catabolic process in which portions of the cytoplasm are sequestered within double-or multimembraned vesicles termed autophagosomes and then delivered to lysosomes for bulk degradation. The initial phases of macroautophagy consist of the formation of a phago-phore, which is also called an isolati...